political violence database

The longstanding crisis of police violence and structural racism in America hit a new flashpoint this year. Viewed from this perspective, political violence includes, among others, insurgencies, revolutions, riots, violent protests, and terrorism. Although riots were reported before 8 June (when CHOP was established) and after 1 July (when it was dismantled), only peaceful protests were recorded during the intervening period (, Authorities cleared CHOP and arrested dozens of demonstrators by the start of July, but the episode set an important precedent: President Trump warned that protesters would be met with “serious force” if they attempted to replicate CHOP elsewhere in the country (, After Seattle, the heavy-handed government response took center stage in Portland, where demonstrators have gathered daily since Floyd’s killing. These data reveal that the United States is in crisis. PRIO's purpose is to conduct research for a more peaceful world. In this form, political violence is a case of asymmetric conflict wherein the protagonist has severely lesser fighting capabilities, resources, and personnel than their opponent (cf. Since July, however, nearly 28% of demonstrations have been met with intervention and force by government personnel. At the start of September, the CDC issued a new nationwide moratorium on evictions through December. In this report, the acronym “BLM” is used to abbreviate the phrase “Black Lives Matter” when referring to the movement writ large. The Global Database of Events, . The National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) makes the GTD available via this site in an effort to improve understanding of terrorist violence, so that it can be more readily studied and defeated. It was one of the first reports of destructive activity that day, and it “created an, atmosphere of hostility and tension” that helped spark an outbreak of looting following initially peaceful protests, according to police investigators, who believe the man “wanted to sow discord and racial unrest, ). Events from 23 August onwards, including violence in Portland, Oregon on the night of 29 August, will be included in subsequent data releases by the US Crisis Monitor. Since May, ACLED records over 100 separate incidents of government violence against journalists in at least 31 states and Washington, DC during demonstrations associated with the BLM movement (see map below). . During a demonstration on 27 May in Minneapolis, for example, a man with an umbrella — dubbed the ‘umbrella man’ by the media and later identified as a member of the Hells Angels linked to the Aryan Cowboys, a white supremacist prison and street gang — was seen smashing store windows (Forbes, 30 May 2020; KSTP, 28 July 2020). Introduction. In July 2019, government personnel used force in just three documented demonstrations, compared to July 2020, when they used force against demonstrators in at least 65 events. The presence of militia groups and other armed individuals threatens to more quickly escalate confrontations between protesters and counter-protesters into violent clashes. police violence, discrimination, and political repression. To keep track of these risk factors in real time, check the US Crisis Monitor. Center for Systemic Peace, Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946-2018 (War List), Annual Set lists annual, cross-national, time-series data on interstate, societal, and communal warfare magnitude scores (independence, interstate, ethnic, and civil; violence and warfare) for all countries; Full Set (1946-2012) includes both country data and scores for neighboring countries and regional . Such demonstrations can involve engagement in violence (e.g. Luke's current research interests include political violence and insurgency in the Philippines and the greater Southeast Asian region. Found inside – Page 52Government, NGOs, and academics have created sophisticated databases to count violent events related to the ongoing armed conflict,66 but given the difficulties of separating drug and political violence, many murders that can serve both ... In addition to armed individuals standing by without directly engaging demonstrations, there has also been an increase in the number of counter-protests confronting opposing demonstrators. Found inside – Page 70Knowledge Management and Data Mining for Homeland Security Hsinchun Chen, Edna Reid, Joshua Sinai, Andrew Silke, ... Avishag Gordon, “The Spread of Terrorism Publications: A Database Analysis,” Terrorism and Political Violence ... Whereas some are global in their coverage others are specialized in a particular country or region. The nurses called on the Senate to pass the HEROES Act, a pending bill that the House of Representatives passed in May to provide $1 trillion in additional aid to states. In Louisville, Kentucky, police raided the wrong home3The law suit filed by Breonna Taylor’s family alleges that police raided the “wrong house,” and the targeted suspect had already been located elsewhere, while authorities have stated that they had a warrant to search these premises as well and claim the raid in question was intentional (AP, 7 July 2020). ). Research from the University of Washington indicates that this disparity stems from political orientation and biased media framing (Washington Post, 24 August 2020), such as disproportionate coverage of violent demonstrations (Business Insider, 11 June 2020; Poynter, 25 June 2020). Fewer than 570 — or approximately 5% — involve demonstrators engaging in violence. At the start of June, for example, while some police officers kneeled with demonstrators in Buffalo, New York, separate reports surfaced showing the city’s police violently pushing an elderly protester to the ground, fracturing his skull, the next day (ABC, 6 June 2020; NPR, 30 June 2020). In this hyper-polarized environment, state forces are taking a more heavy-handed approach to dissent, non-state actors are becoming more active and assertive, and counter-demonstrators are looking to resolve their political disputes in the street. Dr. Kishi holds a PhD in Government and Politics from the University of Maryland with specializations in international relations and quantitative methodology. Mass shootings hit a record high last year (BBC, 29 December 2019), violent hate crimes are on the rise (Al Jazeera, 13 November 2019), and police killings continue unabated, at 2.5 times the rate1This is based on the lifetime risk of being killed by police use of force per 100,000 people (Edwards, Lee, and Esposito, 2019). National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism. In another example on 29 May in Detroit, a number of non-residents reportedly traveled to the city to engage in violent behavior during a demonstration, leading to multiple arrests (, In many cases, violent or destructive demonstrations have specifically targeted statues seen to represent the country’s legacy of racist violence, such as monuments celebrating colonial figures, slave owners, and Confederate leaders. Government forces are the primary perpetrators of these attacks, from beatings and assaults to violent arrests. This category also includes events where violence may have been initially instigated by police or other actors engaging demonstrators associated with the BLM movement. Around 23 June, for example, a group vandalized an Indian restaurant in Santa Fe, New Mexico and spray-painted racist slurs over the walls and furniture of the establishment (KOB4, 23 June 2020). The greatest number of these have occurred in California — such as on 30 May at a demonstration in Santa Monica when police hit an ABC7 news crew with tear gas (ABC7, 31 May 2020), or on 31 May at a demonstration in Long Beach when police injured a KPCC/LAist journalist with non-lethal rounds (LAist, 31 May 2020). The president called governors “weak” for allowing demonstrations in their states and instructed them to call in the National Guard to “dominate” and “cut through [protesters] like butter” (, ). In many urban areas like Portland, Oregon, for example, which has seen sustained unrest since Floyd’s killing, violent demonstrations are largely confined to specific blocks, rather than dispersed throughout the city (, Yet, despite data indicating that demonstrations associated with the BLM movement are overwhelmingly peaceful, one recent poll suggested that, 42% of respondents believe “most protesters [associated with the BLM movement] are trying to incite violence or destroy property” (, ). President Trump tweeted a message of condolences for the deceased, alleging that he had been “murdered in Portland by ANTIFA” (Insider, 31 August 2020), despite the fact that it remains unclear who is responsible for the shooting.9Since initial publication, the suspect has been identified as Michael Reinoehl, who stated in an interview that he “was not a ‘member’ of antifa, but supported the ideology” (Washington Post, 4 September 2020). ACLED records nearly 70 demonstrations involving healthcare workers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 19 states and Washington, DC since 24 May, with the highest concentration, by far, in California — the state with the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases (New York Times, 31 August 2020). In late June, for example, a stuffed animal monkey was found hanging from a tree in Santa Rosa, California (ABC, 29 June 2020). While the US has long been home to a vibrant protest environment, demonstrations surged to new levels in 2020. have been met with government intervention, compared to 3% of all other demonstrations. Prior to the deployment, over 83% of demonstrations in Oregon were non-violent. On 3 September, police shot and killed Reinoehl. Overall, ACLED data indicate that government forces soon took a heavy-handed approach to the growing protest movement. Authors. Police initially allowed Rittenhouse to leave the scene, but he was later arrested and charged with homicide. The rise in non-state intervention and violent counter-demonstrations is set against a growing pattern of non-violent hate incidents. All resources listed on this page are copyrighted by the Center for Systemic Peace. and disrupted the economy, while George Floyd’s death in police custody has sparked a massive wave of protest across the country. The Global Terrorism Database (GTD) is a database of terrorist incidents from 1970 onward.As of May 2021, the list extended through 2019 recording over 200,000 incidents, although data from 1993 is excluded. The number of Black Americans working in front-line jobs impacted by the pandemic is disproportionately high, Black workers continue to earn less than their white counterparts (, ), and almost half of Black households are concerned with their ability to make rent on a monthly basis (, ). Trump’s executive action also does not reinstate the previous federal moratorium on evictions, but instead only directs federal agencies to “consider” measures to prevent evictions (Washington Post, 9 August 2020). Although these incidents account for a small subset of demonstrations, the trend has become another battlefield for the hyper-partisan “culture wars” over America’s history of racism (, ), and a lightning rod for polarized debate over an appropriate response to the ongoing protest movement. According to Aon's latest Terrorism & Political Violence map, 2016 brought a 14.2 percent increase in the number of terrorist attacks.Many of these attacks were against the oil and gas industry - the commercial sector most targeted by terrorism worldwide. From the pandemic’s frontlines, healthcare workers have led demonstrations calling for better working conditions, greater COVID-19 protections, and a stronger government response to the crisis nationwide. Since initial publication, the suspect has been identified as Michael Reinoehl, who stated in an interview that he “was not a ‘member’ of antifa, but supported the ideology” (, The rise in non-state intervention and violent counter-demonstrations is set against a growing pattern of non-violent hate incidents. In July 2019, authorities intervened in under 2% of all demonstrations — fewer than 30 events — relative to July 2020, when they intervened in 9% of all demonstrations — or over 170 events. In 2019, nearly 7,000. Center for Systemic Peace, Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946-2018 (War List), Annual Set lists annual, cross-national, time-series data on interstate, societal, and communal warfare magnitude scores (independence, interstate, ethnic, and civil; violence and warfare) for all countries; Full Set (1946-2012) includes both country data and scores for neighboring countries and regional context for all independent countries (does not include independence wars). Originally the database started as a private research project and is continuously updated. an increase of 42% from the 1,400 demonstrations recorded in July 2019. As the most comprehensive collection of qualitative and quantitative data regarding German right-wing and Jihadist terrorism so far the project allows for unique research opportunities to analyze right-wing extremist forms of political violence and terrorism. Due to the pandemic’s economic impact, millions of Americans have fallen behind on rent payments. Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. At time of writing, more than 180,000 Americans have died, and over six million have been infected (, In America, the health crisis and the latest wave of demonstrations associated with BLM are intertwined. The pandemic has not escaped politicization, with regular confrontations between demonstrators for and against lockdown restrictions, and support for social distancing measures often polarized along party lines. This report maps these trends with a view toward the upcoming election, when these intersecting risks are likely to intensify. Government forces are not the only actors intervening in demonstrations. Author: Pauwels, L., & Schils, N. Description: The present study applies Social Learning (Differential Association) Theory to the explanation of political violence, focusing on exposure to extremist content through new social media (NSM) and controlling for key variables derived from rival theories. Between 24 May and 22 August, ACLED records more than 10,600 demonstration events across the country. Last month, terrorism scholar and former CIA officer Dr. Marc Sageman presented a lecture entitled, "Emergence of Terrorism: A Dialectical Model" at START headquarters. ). While the move may stave off the eviction crisis and a surge in associated demonstrations for now, the threat is set to re-emerge by the end of the year. In Portland specifically, under 24% of demonstrations were met with state force before July. Washington’s governor swiftly deployed the National Guard throughout the state and by Independence Day weekend the federal government sent agents assigned to PACT to guard monuments and to quell demonstrations. In many local communities, protests marking Floyd’s death have doubled as acts of remembrance for people like Michael Brown, Eric Garner, Freddie Gray, and Trayvon Martin, whose killing in 2012 originally sparked the BLM movement (, ). while attempting to serve a warrant and exchanged gunfire with one of the occupants; his partner, Breonna Taylor, a 26-year-old paramedic who was sleeping at the time, was shot and killed by the officers (New York Times, 1 September 2020).
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