The Children's Life Events Scale-Parent Report (CLES-PR) measures the occurrence of stressful life events during childhood, as reported by a parent ... A total score was calculated by summing all affirmative answers, with higher scores indicating greater experiences of stress. Results: A positive association was observed between maternal and offspring cognitive styles: a one-standard-deviation increase in maternal depressogenic cognitive style score during pregnancy was significantly associated with a mean increase of 0.1 standard deviations in offspring depressogenic cognitive style score at age 18.
This unfavorable course is associated with multiple episodes and residual symptoms, mainly negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. This was particularly the case with minor negative events.
Studies have demonstrated a link between childhood verbal abuse, the development of negative self-schemas, and an increase in psychiatric disorders (Alloy et al., 2006;... Other studies have suggested that the effect of childhood abuse on suicidal behaviors may occur, in part, through the development of negative self-schemas and attributions ... Other studies have suggested that the effect of childhood abuse on suicidal behaviors may occur, in part, through the development of negative self-schemas and attributions (Crossfield et al., 2002;Gibb and Abela, 2008). A functional magnetic resonance imaging study showed that childhood trauma exposure resulted in aberrant function of parietal areas involved in working memory and of visual cortical areas involved in attention. Results supported a conditional indirect effect in which low levels of observed positive parenting during a youth stressor task were indirectly associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing an episode of depression and worsening depressive symptoms over the course of the study through youth negative cognitive style, but only for youth who also experienced a high number of peer stressors. The study was comprised of 472 adolescents [52% female, 47% Caucasian, 47% received free lunch] recruited at ages 12–13 who completed measures of future orientation and hopelessness at five annual assessments.
The study relied on retrospective reports of childhood abuse. In all, 35 men and 35 women suffering from depression were recruited. Additional details of the study can be found at: https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_description.cfm?aid=8547102&icde=17322245&ddparam=&ddvalue=&ddsub=&cr=2&csb=default&cs=ASC mood and somatization disorders in the family, parental overinvolvement, and possibly limited psychological "mindedness" in relation to physical symptoms. In support of the hopelessness theory (Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989), cognitive risk partially mediated the relation between childhood emotional maltreatment and hopelessness and fully mediated the relation between childhood emotional maltreatment and HD.
Data from 145 bipolar participants (59.3% female, 75.2% Caucasian, and mean age of 20.19 years; SD = 1.75 years) were collected as part of the Temple-Wisconsin Longitudinal Investigation of Bipolar Spectrum Project (112 Bipolar II; 33 Cyclothymic disorder). Method:
Women attribute their hopelessness to more stable and global causes when compared with men.Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with persistence of symptoms throughout adult life in most of the affected patients. Finally, several approaches to understanding the origins of individual differences in LH are evaluated. Implications for early identification, prevention and intervention services are discussed. Compared to the parents of cognitively low-risk students, cognitively high-risk students' mothers exhibited more negative dysfunctional attitudes and inferential styles themselves; high-risk students' fathers showed less emotional acceptance and warmth; and high-risk students' mothers and fathers both communicated more stable, global attributional feedback and negative consequence feedback for stressful events in their children's lives. Piecewise growth modelling indicated that the trajectory of switching attention declined prior to foD; there was evidence of significant recovery in switching attention following foD. The present study aimed to test an extension of the kindling hypothesis in BD by examining the effect of early life adversity on the relationship between proximal life events and prospectively assessed mood episodes. The CLES-PR has demonstrated predictive validity and has been associated with the subsequent development of a negative inferential style and worse cognitive functioning ( ... Childhood life events. The neural diathesis-stress model proposes that psychosocial stress acts on a pre-existing vulnerability and thus triggers the symptoms of schizophrenia. Adolescents' self-worth was significantly predicted by low maternal acceptance.
Limitations:
Finally, the associations between subsets of childhood negative life events and cognitive risk for depression were examined.