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2) The sodium ion is a weaker Lewis acid than the lithium ion and, in this case, the hydrogen bonding between the alcohol and the carbonyl group serves as a catalysis to activate the carbonyl group: Because NaBH 4 is not very reactive, it is not strong enough to react with esters. 2008;320:1496–501.Berridge MJ, Downes CP, Hanley MR. Neural and Developmental Actions of Lithium - a Unifying Hypothesis. To identify genes with expression levels significantly altered by exposure to lithium, we first performed a genome-wide differential expression analysis on the gene-level (DGE) by counting aligned RNA-sequencing reads that overlap with gene regions. Targeting the immune system in the treatment of bipolar disorder. 2018 Jun;233:92-99. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.026. Since the CC in general and oligodendrocyte dysfunction in particular have been implicated in the pathophysiology of BD [A common way to reduce complexity of analysis in high-throughput experiments is to perform pathway analysis, which aims to increase explanatory power by grouping long lists of genes into smaller sets of genes or proteins that function in the same cellular pathways. 2019;7:16.Hoffman GE, Hartley BJ, Flaherty E, Ladran I, Gochman P, Ruderfer DM, et al. 2020 Sep;45(10):1743-1749. doi: 10.1038/s41386-020-0683-2. The effect of lithium on the immune system. A Ribosomopathy Reveals Decoding Defective Ribosomes Driving Human Dysmorphism. Mitochondria, oligodendrocytes and inflammation in bipolar disorder: evidence from transcriptome studies points to intriguing parallels with multiple sclerosis. Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues. OAA has received a speaker’s honorarium from H. Lundbeck AS. 2016 Oct;30(10):931-49. doi: 10.1007/s40263-016-0380-1.Vacheron-Trystram MN, Braitman A, Cheref S, Auffray L.Encephale. Neuropsychopharmacology. Reduction of sodium influx is a proposed shared mechanism of action of effective mood stabilizers, but direct documentation of this effect for lithium has never been demonstrated. Genome Med. The way we interpret these results is (a) that myelination is probably not a central target of lithium’s mechanisms of action in the brain, and (b) that the molecular effects of lithium in the CC and oligodendrocytes are not different from its effects in other brain regions and cell types.
Genetic variation in 117 myelination-related genes in schizophrenia: Replication of association to lipid biosynthesis genes.
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White matter disruptions in patients with bipolar disorder. Biol Mood Anxiety Disord.