Nitrofurantoin is a synthetic, orally active, bacterididal, antibacterial agent used for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). In newer studies, ∼20%–60% of nitrofurantoin has been shown to be excreted unchanged in the urine. [DSC] = Discontinued productMacrodantin: 50 mg, 100 mg [contains fd&c yellow #10 (quinoline yellow), fd&c yellow #6 (sunset yellow)]Macrobid: 100 mg [contains brilliant blue fcf (fd&c blue #1), fd&c red #40, fd&c yellow #10 (quinoline yellow)]Furadantin: 25 mg/5 mL (230 mL [DSC]) [contains methylparaben, propylparaben]Nitrofurantoin is reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactive intermediates that inactivate or alter bacterial ribosomal proteins leading to inhibition of protein synthesis, aerobic energy metabolism, DNA, RNA, and cell wall synthesis. Local Anesthetics: Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Local Anesthetics. Nitrofurantoin is bactericidal in urine at therapeutic doses. Avoid lidocaine/prilocaine in infants receiving such agents.Probenecid: May increase the serum concentration of Nitrofurantoin.Sodium Nitrite: Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Sodium Nitrite.
The broad-based nature of this mode of action may explain the lack of acquired bacterial resistance to nitrofurantoin, as the necessary multiple and simultaneous mutations of the target macromolecules would likely be lethal to the bacteria.Well absorbed; macrocrystalline is absorbed more slowly due to slower dissolution (causes less GI distress)Body tissues (except plasma) metabolize 60% of drug to inactive metabolitesSuspension: Urine (~40%) and feces (small amounts) as metabolites and unchanged drug Macrocrystals: Urine (20% to 25% as unchanged drug)Nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals (Macrobid): Treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis caused by susceptible strains of Nitrofurantoin macrocrystals (Furadantin, Macrodantin): Treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis when caused by susceptible strains of Limitations of use: Not indicated for treatment of pyelonephritis or perinephric abscess.Data from a randomized, controlled trial support the use of nitrofurantoin for the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy Anuria, oliguria, or significant impairment of renal function (creatinine clearance [CrCl] <60 mL/minute or clinically significant elevated serum creatinine); previous history of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction associated with prior nitrofurantoin use; hypersensitivity to drug or any component of the formulation.Because of the possibility of hemolytic anemia caused by immature erythrocyte enzyme systems (glutathione instability), the drug is contraindicated in pregnant patients at term (38 to 42 weeks gestation), during labor and delivery, or when the onset of labor is imminent; also contraindicated in neonates younger than 1 month of age.Nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals (Macrobid): Nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals (Macrobid): Nitrofurantoin macrocrystals (Furadantin, Macrodantin): Nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals (Macrobid) (off-label use): Nitrofurantoin macrocrystals (Furadantin, Macrodantin): Nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals (Macrobid) (off-label use): Nitrofurantoin macrocrystals (Furadantin, Macrodantin): Avoid use; alternative agents preferred. Dispense in glass amber bottles.BCG (Intravesical): Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG (Intravesical). It is stable when stored between 20°C and 25°C (68°F and 77°F). COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Based on a study of 30 women administered nitrofurantoin prior to abortion, maternal serum concentrations of nitrofurantoin may be decreased and urine concentrations may be increased during pregnancy (Philipson 1979).Nitrofurantoin may be used to treat infections in pregnant women when appropriate, including asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy (ACOG 2017; IDSA [Nicolle 2019]). Monitor liver function tests periodically. 2019 Jul;42(4):485-493. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2018.1488096. Name must be less than 100 characters Nitrofurantoin is a urinary tract antibacterial agent whose clinical effectiveness depends on the high urinary drug levels encountered during therapeutic drug dosage. Use as a first-line agent in the second and third trimesters can be considered for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections and other confirmed infections caused by susceptible organisms. In conjunction with its rapid excretion by the primary routes, there is little evidence for any prolonged binding of nitrofurantoin to either plasma proteins or tissues. While bacteria isolated from UTIs are often resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole and fluoroquinolones, most urinary tract pathogens retain susceptibility to nitrofurantoin, with resistance being relatively rare; hence, nitrofurantoin … Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Resistance to these drugs has, however, increased. Antibiotics Might Lower Effectiveness of Birth Control Pill An increased risk of neonatal jaundice was observed following maternal nitrofurantoin use during the last 30 days of pregnancy (Nordeng 2013).Due to pregnancy-induced physiologic changes, some pharmacokinetic properties of nitrofurantoin may be altered.
Cholera Vaccine: Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Cholera Vaccine.