Induction of hepatic CYP1A2 enzymes may be greater in heavy or moderate … Drugs that are significantly metabolized by CYP1A2 (major substrates) are more likely to be impacted by changes in tobacco smoking compared with minor substrates. Unable to load your collection due to an error
Pharmacodynamic interactions have also been described. 2016 Nov;55(11):1353-1368. doi: 10.1007/s40262-016-0400-9.CNS Drugs. In animal studies, nicotine induces the activity of several enzymes, including CYP2E1, CYP2A1/2A2 and CYP2B1/2B2, in the brain, but whether this effect is clinically significant is unknown. This information is not intended as a substitute for medical advice and should not be exclusively relied on to manage or diagnose a medical condition.
Many medications can interact with alcohol, thereby altering the metabolism or effects of alcohol and/or the medication. The exact mechanism of interaction is unknown, but an additive or synergistic CNS effect is suspected. While it is rare that an overdose of benzodiazepines by itself would be fatal, when combined with other drugs that depress the central nervous system, the risk dramatically increases.Examples of other drugs that may be additive to the central nervous system depression if combined with benzodiazepine include:Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.Many traditional benzodiazepines are broken down in the liver and when combined with drugs that block this action, blood levels can rise, leading to side effects.
However, using nicotine replacement therapy while taking varenicline can exacerbate adverse effects such as nausea and headache. Predisposing risk factors include concomitant administration of antipsychotics, antidepressants, excessive alcohol or those sedatives which lower the seizure threshold. Cigarette smoking results in faster clearance of heparin, possibly related to smoking-related activation of thrombosis with enhanced heparin binding to antithrombin III.
A case report suggests that kava may increase the central nervous system adverse effects of benzodiazepines. GABA helps to regulate movement control, sight, anxiety, and many other brain functions.Benzodiazepines enhance responses to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA by opening GABA-activated chloride channels and allowing chloride ions to enter the neuron. 2001;15(6):469-94. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200115060-00005.Malhotra P, Akku R, Jayaprakash TP, Ogbue OD, Khan S.Cureus.