Vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), ... AVP released in high concentrations may also raise blood pressure by inducing moderate vasoconstriction. Because vasopressin dilates the pulmonary, cerebral, and myocardial circulations, it may help to preserve vital organ blood flow. When given intraventricularly to rats, vasopressin decreases the T-cell response to mitogen independently of the HPA axis, probably via the sympathetic nervous system.Because vasopressin has immune suppressive effects when present in the central nervous system and immune supportive effects when present in peripheral tissues, predicting which effect would predominate during vasopressin infusion in the ICU is difficult.Vasopressin is to be administered IV single-dose one time only.
/c47-27-22-74-75-23-33(45(73)61-17-5-9-34(61)44(72)56-28(8-4-16-53-46(51)52)39(67)54-21-37(50)65)60-43(71)32(20-36(49)64)59-40(68)29(14-15-35(48)63)55-41(69)31(18-24-6-2-1-3-7-24)58-42(70)30(57-38(27)66)19-25-10-12-26(62)13-11-25/h1-3,6-7,10-13,27-34,62H,4-5,8-9,14-23,47H2,(H2,48,63)(H2,49,64)(H2,50,65)(H,54,67)(H,55,69)(H,56,72)(H,57,66)(H,58,70)(H,59,68)(H,60,71)(H4,51,52,53)/t27-,28-,29-,30-,31-,32-,33-,34-/m0/s11-{[(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19R)-19-Amino-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-10-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-13-benzyl-16-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosan-4-yl]carbonyl}-L-p rolyl-L-arginylglycinamide Vasopressin must be administered parenterally because it is degraded by trypsin in the gastrointestinal tract. High doses of vasopressin are associated with unacceptable side effects, such as gut and digital ischemia and decreased urine output. In particular, there are consistent differences between monogamous species and promiscuous species in the distribution of AVP receptors, and sometimes in the distribution of vasopressin-containing axons, even when closely related species are compared.c1ccc(cc1)C[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N2)Cc3ccc(cc3)O)N)C(=O)N4CCC[C@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N)CC(=O)N)CCC(=O)NInChI=1S/C46H65N15O12S2 A decreased arterial The AVP that is measured in peripheral blood is almost all derived from secretion from the There are other sources of AVP, beyond the hypothalamic magnocellular neurons. The hormone distributes throughout the extracellular fluid but does not bind to plasma proteins. However, several small clinical studies have suggested that these problems do not occur at physiologic doses.Vasopressin has effects on the immune system independent of its effect in stimulating the HPA axis.
This manifests at the skin as palor and brings about vasodilation of the coronary and cerebral arteries (ADH is concerned with the regulation of body fluid osmolarity. Vasopressin also has a potent constricting effect on arterioles throughout the body.Vasopressin is a powerful vasoconstrictor, even in patients with catecholamine unresponsiveness. by mutation of V2 receptor or AQP) leads to Vasopressin was elucidated and synthesized for the first time by Evidence for an effect of AVP on monogamy vs promiscuity comes from experimental studies in several species, which indicate that the precise distribution of vasopressin and vasopressin receptors in the brain is associated with species-typical patterns of social behavior.
In this chapter we will review the synthesis, secretion and action of this crucial hormone.Circulating ADH acts on the kidney and the cardiovascular system.ADH decreases the volume of urine by increasing the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.ADH causes contraction of vascular smooth muscles, constriction of arterioles, and peripheral vasoconstriction. Vasopressin is degraded primarily in the liver and kidneys and has a plasma half-life of 10 to 20 minutes. When given intraventricularly to rats, vasopressin decreases the T-cell response to mitogen independently of the HPA axis, probably via the sympathetic nervous system.Because vasopressin has immunosuppressive effects when present in the central nervous system and immunosupportive effects when present in peripheral tissues, predicting which effect would predominate during vasopressin infusion in the ICU is difficult.In general, vasopressin decreases water excretion by the kidneys by increasing water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, hence its other name antidiuretic hormone. Because vasopressin dilates the pulmonary, cerebral, and myocardial circulations, it may help to preserve vital organ blood flow. Vasopressin is a powerful vasoconstrictor, even in patients with catecholamine unresponsiveness. The interest in vasopressin for resuscitation is based on the fact that vasopressin may increase coronary perfusion without increasing myocardial oxygen demand and without the arrhythmogenic effects of epinephrine.